A ribbon microphone is a type of microphone that uses a thin strip of metal (typically aluminum) suspended in a magnetic field to generate an electrical signal from sound waves. The metal ribbon serves as the diaphragm of the microphone. When sound waves hit the ribbon, it vibrates within the magnetic field, generating a small electrical signal proportional to the sound waves.

Ribbon microphones are known for their smooth and natural sound reproduction, particularly well-suited for capturing the warmth and nuances of instruments and vocals. They typically have a bidirectional (figure-eight) pickup pattern, meaning they are equally sensitive to sound from the front and back, while rejecting sound from the sides. Ribbon microphones are often used in recording studios for recording vocals, acoustic instruments, and guitar amplifiers. They are valued for their ability to capture detailed and rich sound with a vintage character. Examples of popular ribbon microphones include the Royer R-121 and the AEA R84.